Cultural Diversity In The Workplace Essay

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Examples range from the Iraq War to a difficult divorce. These conflicts consume time, money and energy and at their worst, result in millions of deaths. Nature of Intractability - - It can be difficult to decide whether a conflict is, in fact, intractable.

A close reading of the text of Karl Marx's Capital in free video lectures by David Harvey. Start here David Harvey is a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology. Promoting inclusiveness and diversity within your workplace is one of the best ways to foster an open-minded, global company culture. Not only does this make good.

This essay explains why the term, . Though international conflicts, such as Israel- Palestine quickly come to mind, domestic issues such as the abortion controversy, and even some marital relations are quite intractable as well. Conflicts and Disputes - - Conflict scholars make a critical distinction between short- term disputes and deep- rooted, long- term conflicts. Learn why conflicts are so much harder to resolve than disputes.

Alternative Goals. Interests, Positions, Needs, and Values - - Interests are people's desires- -the things they want to achieve in a conflict or dispute. In their best- selling book, Getting to Yes, Roger Fisher and William Ury assert that almost all adversaries have negotiable interests, it is only when the conflict becomes about rights, values, or power that it become intractable. Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) - - BATNA is a term invented by Roger Fisher and William Ury which stands for . The ZOPA is critical to the successful outcome of negotiation, but it may take some time to determine whether a ZOPA exists. Ripeness - - A conflict is said to be ripe once both parties realize they cannot win, and the conflict is costing them too much to continue. This tends to be a good time to open negotiations.

Settlement, Resolution, Management, and Transformation: An Explanation of Terms - - This essay refers to four different goals for a conflict intervention. It defines the four terms and explains how their meanings have evolved over time. Tolerance - - William Ury explained, . Otherwise, any agreement reached, no matter how visionary, is unlikely to hold. Leaders, too, must have legitimacy; otherwise their power is tenuous. Security - - Security, or sense of safety, is one of several . But peace is also positive, and positive peace is a much more nuanced and valuable idea than the other two conceptions.

This article examines the many different theoretical interpretations of the concept of . However, the question of what justice is and how to achieve it are more difficult matters. This essay begins to explore the conundrum. Types of Justice - - Different spheres of society approach justice differently. This essay breaks justice down into four types: distributive, procedural, retributive, and restorative and explains the meaning of each. Restorative Justice - - Restorative justice is justice that is not designed to punish the wrong- doer, but rather to restore the victim and the relationship to the way they were before the offense.

Thus, restorative justice requires an apology from the offender, restitution for the victim, and forgiveness of the offender by the victim. Retributive Justice - - Retributive justice promises punishment or .

Distributive justice is the attempt to create a fair and equal division of society's wealth and status. Governance Challenges in Promoting Environmental Justice - - Creating the conditions that promote environmental justice requires looking at environmental inequalities and asking why they came about. This essay examines the global distribution of hazardous waste disposal as an example of . Though enforcement is difficult, international norms are strong enough to exact compliance in most (but far from all) cases.

Rule of Law - - Particularly since the end of the Cold War, the rule of law has increasingly been recognized as an important aspect of international conflict resolution and post- conflict peace building. Similarly, the absence of the rule of law is often implicated as a source of violence, human rights violations, and intractability. Jus ad Bellum - - Jus ad Bellum, or Just War Theory, is a set of principles used to justify the use of violence. Jus in Bello - - The rules of Jus in Bello (or justice in war) serve as guidelines for fighting well once war has begun. Rights - - The spread of international human rights has helped fulfill basic human needs and reduce suffering. However, framing disputes in terms of absolute rights that cannot be compromised can contribute to a conflict's intractability. Sovereignty - - However, sovereignty is also one of the most misunderstood concepts in international relations, in part because its definition is changing and the political and conflict resolution implications are significant.

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Causes. Causes of Intractable Conflicts - - Intractable conflicts such as between Israel and Palestine are rarely just about surface issues such as land or religion. At the core of most intractable conflicts is a tangle of issues threatening the most vital interests of the parties. This essay describes some of the common causes underlying many intractable conflicts. Identity Issues. Identity Issues - - Israelis and Palestinians, Protestants and Catholics, whites and blacks, labor and management..

This essay discusses the importance of identity in intractable conflicts. Nationalism - - Nationalism is an extension of identity group conflicts in which feelings of identity coincide with loyalty to one's nation- state or national group, even when a formal nation- state does not exist (as with the Palestinians.)Religion and Conflict - - Religion is both a cause and a solution to many intractable conflicts. This essay discusses the role that religion plays in the creation and support of intractable conflicts. The essay on Religion and Peace looks at the role that religious actors and religion per se has and can play in the transformation or resolution of such conflicts. Scapegoating - - The term scapegoat refers to people who are forced to bear responsibility for the mistakes of others.

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Scapegoating can prolong conflict and lead to intense violence. Oppression and Conflict. Oppression and Conflict: Introduction - - Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today.

This very short essay introduces the concept of oppression. The Nature and Origins of Oppression - - The beginning of oppression can be traced back to the invention of agriculture. This essay outlines the history of oppression. Forms of Oppression - - This essay defines five types of injustice that leads to oppression: distributive injustice, procedural injustice, retributive injustice, moral exclusion, and cultural imperialism. Maintaining Oppression - - In this essay, the author considers factors that keep oppression in place including power, the social production of meaning, self- fulfilling prophecies and distorted relationships. Overcoming Oppression: Awakening the Sense of Injustice - - Awareness of injustice is a precondition for overcoming it.

This essay discusses why people often aren't aware of their own and others' oppression. Overcoming Oppression through Persuasion - - This essay examines how low power groups can appeal to the oppressive group's moral values, self interests, and self realization to convince them to change their relationship with the other group(s). Overcoming Oppression with Power - - Thomas Hobbes wrote, . Since the stakes are high, the willingness to compromise or lose may be low, making resolution more difficult.

Rich / Poor Conflicts - - The gap between high and low income countries is widening, risking even more conflict caused by this disparity in the future. Social Status - - Social status is intrinsically linked with ideas of power, humiliation, dignity and hierarchy. Argumentative Essays On Animal Testing there. In many societies, there is a perpetual struggle between those at the top and those at the bottom, with equality a very elusive goal.

Globalization - - Globalization has both positive and negative effects for people in both the developed and the developing world. This essay examines the many benefits and costs of globalization, and considers how it might be directed to maximize benefits while minimizing costs. Moral or Value Conflicts - - Intractable moral conflicts tend to arise when one group views the beliefs and actions of another group as being so fundamentally evil that they exceed the bounds of tolerance.

The abortion debate in the United States is an example of a moral conflict. Outline Of A Expository Essay. Unmet Human Needs - - Human essentials go beyond just food, water, and shelter. They include all those things humans are innately driven to attain, such as love, dignity and safety. Some theorists argue that most intractable conflicts are caused by the drive to satisfy unmet needs.

Justice Conflicts - - Perceived injustice is a frequent source of conflict. It is usually characterized by the denial of fundamental rights. This is an introductory essay to the justice section of the website. Human Rights Violations - - Abuse of human rights often leads to conflict, and conflict typically results in human rights violations.

Thus, human rights abuses are often at the center of wars and protection of human rights is central to conflict resolution. Effects of Colonization - - Many of today's ethnic conflicts were caused, at least to some degree, by artificial boundaries, identities, and role relationships that were established by colonizing powers decades or even centuries before. Though the colonial power has most often left the scene, the social and political landscape that was left behind is fraught with tensions, often leading to intractable violent conflicts. This essay explores the link between colonization and later ethnic tension and violence. Small Arms Trade - - During the Cold War, nuclear disarmament was a focus; now many policy makers are focusing on weapons of mass destruction.

But small arms are actually doing much more harm in current conflicts, and efforts to control the small arms trade deserve priority attention as well. Costs and Benefits. Costs and Benefits of Intractable Conflict - - The costs of conflict can be very high: death, destruction, humiliation, anger, fear, illness, depression, absenteeism..

I Can Tolerate Anything Except The Outgroup. This isn’t especially original to me and I don’t claim anything more than to be explaining and rewording things I have heard from a bunch of other people.

Unapologetically America- centric because I’m not informed enough to make it otherwise. Try to keep this off Reddit and other similar sorts of things. All the townspeople want to forgive him immediately, and they mock the titular priest for only being willing to give a measured forgiveness conditional on penance and self- reflection. They lecture the priest on the virtues of charity and compassion. Good Topics For A Problem Solution Essay Sample. Later, it comes out that the beloved nobleman did not in fact kill his good- for- nothing brother. The good- for- nothing brother killed the beloved nobleman (and stole his identity).

Now the townspeople want to see him lynched or burned alive, and it is only the priest who – consistently – offers a measured forgiveness conditional on penance and self- reflection. The priest tells them: It seems to me that you only pardon the sins that you don’t really think sinful.

You only forgive criminals when they commit what you don’t regard as crimes, but rather as conventions. You forgive a conventional duel just as you forgive a conventional divorce.

You forgive because there isn’t anything to be forgiven. He further notes that this is why the townspeople can self- righteously consider themselves more compassionate and forgiving than he is. Actual forgiveness, the kind the priest needs to cultivate to forgive evildoers, is really really hard. The fake forgiveness the townspeople use to forgive the people they like is really easy, so they get to boast not only of their forgiving nature, but of how much nicer they are than those mean old priests who find forgiveness difficult and want penance along with it. After some thought I agree with Chesterton’s point. Different Types Essay here.

There are a lot of people who say “I forgive you” when they mean “No harm done”, and a lot of people who say “That was unforgiveable” when they mean “That was genuinely really bad”. Whether or not forgiveness is right is a complicated topic I do not want to get in here.

But since forgiveness is generally considered a virtue, and one that many want credit for having, I think it’s fair to say you only earn the right to call yourself . To borrow Chesterton’s example, if you think divorce is a- ok, then you don’t get to “forgive” people their divorces, you merely ignore them. Someone who thinks divorce is abhorrent can “forgive” divorce.

You can forgive theft, or murder, or tax evasion, or something you find abhorrent. I mean, from a utilitarian point of view, you are still doing the correct action of not giving people grief because they’re a divorcee. You can have all the Utility Points you want. All I’m saying is that if you “forgive” something you don’t care about, you don’t earn any Virtue Points. How many Virtue Points have I earned for my meritorious deeds?”Bodhidharma answers: “None at all”.

The Emperor, somewhat put out, demands to know why. Bodhidharma asks: “Well, what do you think of gay people?”The Emperor answers: “What do you think I am, some kind of homophobic bigot? Of course I have nothing against gay people!”And Bodhidharma answers: “Thus do you gain no merit by tolerating them!”II. If I had to define “tolerance” it would be something like “respect and kindness toward members of an outgroup”.

And today we have an almost unprecedented situation. We have a lot of people – like the Emperor – boasting of being able to tolerate everyone from every outgroup they can imagine, loving the outgroup, writing long paeans to how great the outgroup is, staying up at night fretting that somebody else might not like the outgroup enough. This is really surprising. It’s a total reversal of everything we know about human psychology up to this point. No one did any genetic engineering.

No one passed out weird glowing pills in the public schools. And yet suddenly we get an entire group of people who conspicuously promote and defend their outgroups, the outer the better. What is going on here? Let’s start by asking what exactly an outgroup is. There’s a very boring sense in which, assuming the Emperor’s straight, gays are part of his “outgroup” ie a group that he is not a member of. But if the Emperor has curly hair, are straight- haired people part of his outgroup?

If the Emperor’s name starts with the letter . I would differentiate between multiple different meanings of outgroup, where one is “a group you are not a part of” and the other is. I don’t think that’s quite right. Compare the Nazis to the German Jews and to the Japanese.

The Nazis were very similar to the German Jews: they looked the same, spoke the same language, came from a similar culture. The Nazis were totally different from the Japanese: different race, different language, vast cultural gap. But the Nazis and Japanese mostly got along pretty well. Heck, the Nazis were actually moderately positively disposed to the Chinese, even when they were technically at war. Meanwhile, the conflict between the Nazis and the German Jews – some of whom didn’t even realize they were anything other than German until they checked their grandparents’ birth certificate – is the stuff of history and nightmares. Any theory of outgroupishness that naively assumes the Nazis’ natural outgroup is Japanese or Chinese people will be totally inadequate. And this isn’t a weird exception.

Freud spoke of the narcissism of small differences, saying that “it is precisely communities with adjoining territories, and related to each other in other ways as well, who are engaged in constant feuds and ridiculing each other”. Nazis and German Jews. Northern Irish Protestants and Northern Irish Catholics. South African whites and South African blacks. Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. Anyone in the former Yugoslavia and anyone else in the former Yugoslavia.

So what makes an outgroup? Proximity plus small differences. If you want to know who someone in former Yugoslavia hates, don’t look at the Indonesians or the Zulus or the Tibetans or anyone else distant and exotic. Find the Yugoslavian ethnicity that lives closely intermingled with them and is most conspicuously similar to them, and chances are you’ll find the one who they have eight hundred years of seething hatred toward. What makes an unexpected in- group? The answer with Germans and Japanese is obvious – a strategic alliance.

In fact, the World Wars forged a lot of unexpected temporary pseudo- friendships. A recent article from War Nerd points out that the British, after spending centuries subjugating and despising the Irish and Sikhs, suddenly needed Irish and Sikh soldiers for World Wars I and II respectively. Sure, scratch the paeans even a little bit and you find condescension as strong as ever. But eight hundred years of the British committing genocide against the Irish and considering them literally subhuman turned into smiles and songs about shamrocks once the Irish started looking like useful cannon fodder for a larger fight. And the Sikhs, dark- skinned people with turbans and beards who pretty much exemplify the European stereotype of “scary foreigner”, were lauded by everyone from the news media all the way up to Winston Churchill.

In other words, outgroups may be the people who look exactly like you, and scary foreigner types can become the in- group on a moment’s notice when it seems convenient. III. There are certain theories of dark matter where it barely interacts with the regular world at all, such that we could have a dark matter planet exactly co- incident with Earth and never know. Maybe dark matter people are walking all around us and through us, maybe my house is in the Times Square of a great dark matter city, maybe a few meters away from me a dark matter blogger is writing on his dark matter computer about how weird it would be if there was a light matter person he couldn’t see right next to him.

This is sort of how I feel about conservatives. I don’t mean the sort of light- matter conservatives who go around complaining about Big Government and occasionally voting for Romney. I see those guys all the time. What I mean is – well, take creationists. According to Gallup polls, about 4. Americans are creationists.

Not just in the sense of believing God helped guide evolution. I mean they think evolution is a vile atheist lie and God created humans exactly as they exist right now. That’s half the country. Colonialism In Heart Of Darkness Essays On Music here. And I don’t have a single one of those people in my social circle. It’s not because I’m deliberately avoiding them; I’m pretty live- and- let- live politically, I wouldn’t ostracize someone just for some weird beliefs. And yet, even though I probably know about a hundred fifty people, I am pretty confident that not one of them is creationist.

Odds of this happening by chance? Earth. About forty percent of Americans want to ban gay marriage.

I think if I really stretch it, maybe ten of my top hundred fifty friends might fall into this group. This is less astronomically unlikely; the odds are a mere one to one hundred quintillion against. People like to talk about social bubbles, but that doesn’t even begin to cover one hundred quintillion. The only metaphor that seems really appropriate is the bizarre dark matter world. I live in a Republican congressional district in a state with a Republican governor.

The conservatives are definitely out there. They drive on the same roads as I do, live in the same neighborhoods. But they might as well be made of dark matter.

I never meet them. To be fair, I spend a lot of my time inside on my computer. I’m browsing sites like Reddit. Recently, there was a thread on Reddit asking – Redditors Against Gay Marriage, What Is Your Best Supporting Argument? A Reddit user who didn’t understand how anybody could be against gay marriage honestly wanted to know how other people who were against it justified their position. He figured he might as well ask one of the largest sites on the Internet, with an estimated user base in the tens of millions.